I hope you enjoy all this information about Histology!
Histology! on Prezi
Thursday, October 20, 2011
Histology!
Well for the first time I have done a prezi! I think for my first prezi I did a pretty good job!
I hope you enjoy all this information about Histology!
I hope you enjoy all this information about Histology!
Wednesday, October 19, 2011
Tissue Engineering- Standard 2!
To read the article follow this link:
http://www.pbs.org/saf/1107/features/body.htm
Recently I read an article about the research into tissue engineering. The article talked about the team Joseph Vacanti and Bob Langer and their recent advances into the replacement of tissues and organs. They are looking forward to the day when replacement tissues will be available to people who need them. today there is a tissue engineered skins that is used on burn victims and people with severe skin sores. The research teams continue to make advancements in this goal.
It is very important to get everything exactly right when scientists are trying to cultivate tissues. You have to closely mimick the environment in which cells naturally grow. This is not easy and this was the first step for scientists as they started on engineering tissues.
Many contributions have been made to this field. Langer contributed with his work in biodegradable materials that can serve as scaffolding on cells that can be seeded. This scaffolding gives the cell better access to nutrients and waste removal. Langer and Vacanti hope that in the future bits of scaffolding that are seeded with young cells can be implanted into ailing organs. Then the body's own biochemistry would tell the young cells to grown into a patch of healthy tissues.
There are other contributions being made in this field. Dr. Gail Naughton patened a machine that is called a bioreacter. The bioreacter stimulates conditions that happen in a healthy body. It also put physical stresses on cells as they grow. This makes a stronger, more natural tissue. This container has been evolving since 1989. This is when it became more well known that cells needed a more steril environment to grow then a petri dish. In the bioreacter cells get in a constant, unidirectional flow of fluid that brings nutrients in and wastes out. This is exactly what happens in the body. Most recently, Naughton has cultivated cartilage, blood vessels, and heart valves. Naught on says that valves grown in the bioreacter have double the mechanical strength then those grown in a petri dish. The valves also secrete more important structural proteins like collagen and elastin.
NASA researchers developed their own version of the bioreacter that mimics the weightlessness you get in space in earth bound labs. They were first trying to find out how weightlessness affects astronauts bodies. Their bioreacter has a rotating cylinder that keeps the growing cells in perpetual free fall. Dr. Naught on says that liver tissues actually form much more naturally in this state of microgravity.
Developing entire organs is still far off in the future, though this is the main goal in the tissue engineering world right now. Around 74,000 Americans were waiting for an organ transplant in December of 2010. This is one thing these scientists are trying to fix. Naughton and her team have been working on a patch. This patch will essentially stimulate vessel growth in and around a diseased heart. Naughton believes that the patch could get rid of the need to grow hearts in labs.
These scientists say that tissue engineering "may be one of the most straightforward and most natural technologies around today." The scientists know that this may sound "Frankenstienish" but they believe it could help. These scientists don't use embryonic stem cells, they are not needed. Most just use cells from cadavers. They could use them but they don't want to get into "ethically clouded issues."
I have mixed feelings about tissue engineering. There are advantages that I feel could really help people if they figure out how to engineer entire organs. But I also feel it is kind of like playing God. It seems to me like it is another name for cloning. I can see both sides of this process.
http://www.pbs.org/saf/1107/features/body.htm
Recently I read an article about the research into tissue engineering. The article talked about the team Joseph Vacanti and Bob Langer and their recent advances into the replacement of tissues and organs. They are looking forward to the day when replacement tissues will be available to people who need them. today there is a tissue engineered skins that is used on burn victims and people with severe skin sores. The research teams continue to make advancements in this goal.
It is very important to get everything exactly right when scientists are trying to cultivate tissues. You have to closely mimick the environment in which cells naturally grow. This is not easy and this was the first step for scientists as they started on engineering tissues.
Many contributions have been made to this field. Langer contributed with his work in biodegradable materials that can serve as scaffolding on cells that can be seeded. This scaffolding gives the cell better access to nutrients and waste removal. Langer and Vacanti hope that in the future bits of scaffolding that are seeded with young cells can be implanted into ailing organs. Then the body's own biochemistry would tell the young cells to grown into a patch of healthy tissues.
There are other contributions being made in this field. Dr. Gail Naughton patened a machine that is called a bioreacter. The bioreacter stimulates conditions that happen in a healthy body. It also put physical stresses on cells as they grow. This makes a stronger, more natural tissue. This container has been evolving since 1989. This is when it became more well known that cells needed a more steril environment to grow then a petri dish. In the bioreacter cells get in a constant, unidirectional flow of fluid that brings nutrients in and wastes out. This is exactly what happens in the body. Most recently, Naughton has cultivated cartilage, blood vessels, and heart valves. Naught on says that valves grown in the bioreacter have double the mechanical strength then those grown in a petri dish. The valves also secrete more important structural proteins like collagen and elastin.
NASA researchers developed their own version of the bioreacter that mimics the weightlessness you get in space in earth bound labs. They were first trying to find out how weightlessness affects astronauts bodies. Their bioreacter has a rotating cylinder that keeps the growing cells in perpetual free fall. Dr. Naught on says that liver tissues actually form much more naturally in this state of microgravity.
Developing entire organs is still far off in the future, though this is the main goal in the tissue engineering world right now. Around 74,000 Americans were waiting for an organ transplant in December of 2010. This is one thing these scientists are trying to fix. Naughton and her team have been working on a patch. This patch will essentially stimulate vessel growth in and around a diseased heart. Naughton believes that the patch could get rid of the need to grow hearts in labs.
These scientists say that tissue engineering "may be one of the most straightforward and most natural technologies around today." The scientists know that this may sound "Frankenstienish" but they believe it could help. These scientists don't use embryonic stem cells, they are not needed. Most just use cells from cadavers. They could use them but they don't want to get into "ethically clouded issues."
I have mixed feelings about tissue engineering. There are advantages that I feel could really help people if they figure out how to engineer entire organs. But I also feel it is kind of like playing God. It seems to me like it is another name for cloning. I can see both sides of this process.
Friday, October 14, 2011
Organization of the Body
THE ORGANIZATION OF THE BODY
Now sometimes learning what is in the body can be a little confusing but I laid out a way that I'm hoping can make it less confusing to learn about the organization of the body. Here we go!
The anatomical position of the body is:
-body erect
-feet slightly apart
-palms facing forward
-thumbs point away from body
There are different directional terms that describe the body and where things are:
-Superior~ This means toward the head end or upper part of the body. In other words above something.
EXAMPLE: The heart is superior to the stomach.
-Inferior~This means toward the lower part of the body or away from the head end. In other words below something.
EXAMPLE: The stomach is inferior to the heart.
-Anterior~This is toward the front of the body or in front of something. Another name for this is ventral.
EXAMPLE: The chest is anterior to the back.
-Posterior~ This is toward the back of the body or behind something. Another name for this is dorsal.
EXAMPLE: The spine is anterior to the rib cage.
-Medial~ This means toward or at the midline of the body or in the inner side of.
EXAMPLE: The nose is medial to the eyes.
-Lateral~ This means away from the midline of the body or on the outer side of.
EXAMPLE: The ears are lateral to the nose.
-Intermediate~This means between a more medial and a more lateral structure.
EXAMPLE: The collarbone is intermediate between the breastbone and the shoulder.
-Proximal: This means closer to the origion of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunck.
EXAMPLE: The knee is proximal to the ankle.
-Distal~This means farther from the origion of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.
EXAMPLE: The ankle is distal to the knee.
-Superficial~ This is toward or at the body surface. Or in other words external.
EXAMPLE: The skin is superficial to the bones.
-Deep~ This is away from the body surface or more internal.
EXAMPLE: The stomach is deep to the skin.
There are different terms that describe the regions of the body.
~ The axial describes the head, neck, and trunck.
~ Appendicular describes the appendages or limbs.
The body can be divided into different parts by planes:
~The Sagittal plane divides the body into right and left parts.
~The Midsagittal or Medial plane is a sagittal plane that lies on the midline.
~The Frontal or Coronal; plane divide the body into anterior and posterior parts.
~The Transverse or Horizontal plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
~The Oblique section are cuts made diagonally.
Midsagital Frontal Transverse
All humans are slightly different in external and internal anatomy. Most anatomical structures (over 90%) match the usual textbook descriptions but there are some differences. Nerves and blood vessels may be out of place somewhat. There can sometimes be small muscles missing. There are hardly ever extreme anatomical variations seen.
The body is split into different cavities. The Dorsal Cavity protects the nervous system. It is also divided into two subdivisions; the cranial cavity and the vertebral cavity. The cranial cavity encases the brain within the skull. The vertebral cavity is in the vertebral column and encases the spinal cord. There is also the Ventral Cavity. It contains the internal organs. This cavity is also divided into two subdivisions; the thoracic and abdominopelvic. The thoracic cavity is also subdivided into different cavities; the pleural cavities, the mediastinum, and the pericardial cavity. The two pleural cavities each contain a lung. The Mediastinum holds the pericardial cavity and it also surrounds the remaining thoracic organs. The pericardial cavity encloses the heart. The diaphragm separates the superior thoracic cavity from the abdominpelvic cavity. The abdominpelvic cavity is made up of two subdivisions; the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity. The abdominal cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen,liver, and other organs. The pelvic cavity is located within the pelvis and is made up of the bladder, all the reproductive organs, and the rectum.
The Oral and Digestive cavities contain the mouth and cavities of the digestive organs. The Nasal Cavity is located within and posterior to the nose. The eyes are housed in the Orbital Cavity. There is also a cavity known as The Middle Ear! It contains the bones that transmit sound vibrations. The Synovial contains the joint cavities.
There are different body cavity membranes. The parietal serosa lines the internal body walls. The visceral serosa covers all the internal organs. The serous fluid separates the serosae.
Now if you read my blog last year you might remember that I like to include fun facts in my blogs. Well its time for the first fun fact of the year! Now I know that everybody wants to have great abb muscles. FUN FACT!! Even your abbs are separated into different regions and quadrants!
Abdominopelvic Regions!
Abdominopelvic Quadrants!
Well I know there is alot in the Organization of the body, but I'm hoping you have learned a lot! FUN FACT: Guess what?! I aced my quiz on this! I'm talking 100%! Sorry I was really excited hahahahaha.
Well now its time for a little self evaluation (I need this standard filled!)
At the end of last year I was like "Okay next year I'm not going to get behind like I did last year! No more getting distracted!" Well I even went int o this year thinking that same thing. Well I started off ok but now Im getting behind again uhhh! I have been having a hard time writing my blogs because I havent been paying attention when Mr. Ludwig teaches in class. I have been woring on stuff for other classes. (the homework load grew about 50% this year!. Since I haven't been doing anatomy in my anatomy class I am getting behind. That's something I'm going to try to change next quarter. I need to use my anatomy class to learn anatomy.
Now sometimes learning what is in the body can be a little confusing but I laid out a way that I'm hoping can make it less confusing to learn about the organization of the body. Here we go!
The anatomical position of the body is:
-body erect
-feet slightly apart
-palms facing forward
-thumbs point away from body
There are different directional terms that describe the body and where things are:
-Superior~ This means toward the head end or upper part of the body. In other words above something.
EXAMPLE: The heart is superior to the stomach.
-Inferior~This means toward the lower part of the body or away from the head end. In other words below something.
EXAMPLE: The stomach is inferior to the heart.
-Anterior~This is toward the front of the body or in front of something. Another name for this is ventral.
EXAMPLE: The chest is anterior to the back.
-Posterior~ This is toward the back of the body or behind something. Another name for this is dorsal.EXAMPLE: The spine is anterior to the rib cage.
-Medial~ This means toward or at the midline of the body or in the inner side of.
EXAMPLE: The nose is medial to the eyes.
-Lateral~ This means away from the midline of the body or on the outer side of.
EXAMPLE: The ears are lateral to the nose.
-Intermediate~This means between a more medial and a more lateral structure.
EXAMPLE: The collarbone is intermediate between the breastbone and the shoulder.
-Proximal: This means closer to the origion of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunck.
EXAMPLE: The knee is proximal to the ankle.
-Distal~This means farther from the origion of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.
EXAMPLE: The ankle is distal to the knee.
-Superficial~ This is toward or at the body surface. Or in other words external.
EXAMPLE: The skin is superficial to the bones.
-Deep~ This is away from the body surface or more internal.
EXAMPLE: The stomach is deep to the skin.
There are different terms that describe the regions of the body.
~ The axial describes the head, neck, and trunck.
~ Appendicular describes the appendages or limbs.
The body can be divided into different parts by planes:
~The Sagittal plane divides the body into right and left parts.
~The Midsagittal or Medial plane is a sagittal plane that lies on the midline.
~The Frontal or Coronal; plane divide the body into anterior and posterior parts.
~The Transverse or Horizontal plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
~The Oblique section are cuts made diagonally.
Midsagital Frontal Transverse
All humans are slightly different in external and internal anatomy. Most anatomical structures (over 90%) match the usual textbook descriptions but there are some differences. Nerves and blood vessels may be out of place somewhat. There can sometimes be small muscles missing. There are hardly ever extreme anatomical variations seen.
The Oral and Digestive cavities contain the mouth and cavities of the digestive organs. The Nasal Cavity is located within and posterior to the nose. The eyes are housed in the Orbital Cavity. There is also a cavity known as The Middle Ear! It contains the bones that transmit sound vibrations. The Synovial contains the joint cavities.
There are different body cavity membranes. The parietal serosa lines the internal body walls. The visceral serosa covers all the internal organs. The serous fluid separates the serosae.
Now if you read my blog last year you might remember that I like to include fun facts in my blogs. Well its time for the first fun fact of the year! Now I know that everybody wants to have great abb muscles. FUN FACT!! Even your abbs are separated into different regions and quadrants!
Abdominopelvic Regions!
Well I know there is alot in the Organization of the body, but I'm hoping you have learned a lot! FUN FACT: Guess what?! I aced my quiz on this! I'm talking 100%! Sorry I was really excited hahahahaha.
Well now its time for a little self evaluation (I need this standard filled!)
At the end of last year I was like "Okay next year I'm not going to get behind like I did last year! No more getting distracted!" Well I even went int o this year thinking that same thing. Well I started off ok but now Im getting behind again uhhh! I have been having a hard time writing my blogs because I havent been paying attention when Mr. Ludwig teaches in class. I have been woring on stuff for other classes. (the homework load grew about 50% this year!. Since I haven't been doing anatomy in my anatomy class I am getting behind. That's something I'm going to try to change next quarter. I need to use my anatomy class to learn anatomy.
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